Leadership and People Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Leadership and People Management - Assignment Example His action of consulting each member of the team is very crucial to mention. Every aspects of business operation such as financial, sales, human relations and maintenance operations are considered towards formulating a solution. This leads each involved to participate and form part in the decision making. In financial concerns, he was able to think of the cost and consult for figures that can contribute greatly to the existing alternatives on hand. In sales and human relations, he was able to consider the side of customers and employees respectively. His action leads to a group discussion about the issue that gave everyone a chance to voice their comments and suggestion as far as their responsibility is concerned. The consensus of each member results to output that can be consider and use in the decision making process. This will further combine their opinions and mindset in order to come up with a common decision for all. On the other hand, the ineffective actions of Bud will include of his coming late in the set meeting. Though a reason is provided for his action, a misinterpretation in line with the urgency and value of meeting is possible. He is able to create a discussion among members but no define goals is set for each responsibility. Organization of tasks in order to create a common decision is missing. The opinions, suggestions and comments from the group do not reflect goal setting towards achieving the task. His degree of initiating structure is inadequate, with regards to organizing and delegating responsibility to team members. The establishment of procedures, work timetable, and expected output from members is not evident. The degree of consideration on the other hand is given more emphasis by Mr. Bud. The environment became very warmth and full of support that lead each member to eye the effect on their own area of responsibility only. The focus towards the real issue receives little attention against other concerns that Bud and other member finds more interest, the office party and lunch meeting for instance. The idea of Bud of reaching a decision at a later time and seeking a consultant for the said issue is a result of poor focus on the task to be accomplished. The enthusiasm he shows is not sufficient to lead his members to formulate and come up with a right decision. There is no eagerness on his side to accomplish what is viable even when the time seems to be early. In order for the meeting to be successful, various points should be concerned about and done. Foremost is the setting of the meeting environment and work ethic, Bud should give the meeting schedule of high importance that a crucial decision needs to take place, and that his punctuality should be observed on the set schedule. In this connection, the rest of the team will be aware of the significance of the situation and this will entice goal setting and increase drive to accomplish them. As far as every aspect of the operation is concern, every detail should be considered in the process of decision making. In terms of financial issue, Bud should foresight every figure that will count. The decision to be developed should have that capability to deal with possible implications in the future and the cost benefit analysis should be given emphasis. Customers being regarded as the

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: An Overview

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: An Overview Jennifer Beardsley Abstract Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating interstitial lung disease that has no cure. The term fibrosis refers to scarring, in IPF particularly the scarring of the lungs. The scarring causes irreversible destruction and progressive decline of the lungs. When the tissue thickens, the lungs cannot properly exchange oxygen. The term idiopathic, in medicine, means that the origin of the disease is unknown. The exact cause of IPF is unknown, however, certain risk factors such as smoking, exposure to inhaled toxins such as asbestos, lung injury, viral, and bacterial infections, acid reflux and genetics associated with the disease. IPF mainly affects people ages 50 and up. â€Å"Many people live only about 3 to 5 years after diagnosis. The most common cause of death related to IPF is respiratory failure† (â€Å"What Is Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis? NHLBI, NIH,† n.d.). â€Å"40,000 people die each year to IPF, the same as to breast cancer† (â€Å"Facts Abou t Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis | Coalition For Pulmonary FibrosisCoalition For Pulmonary Fibrosis,† n.d.), yet IPF is still an unknown disease to many people. This paper will discuss the risk factors, disease process, complications, management, and new drug therapy clinical trials. Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: An Overview Etiology Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis first started to become recognizable around the late 1800’s (Noble Homer, 2005). While currently the exact cause is unknown, there have been several risk factors that are recognized to contribute to the disease. As mentioned above, smoking, exposure to inhaled toxins such as asbestos, lung injury, viral and bacterial infections, acid reflux and genetics are associated with the disease (Noble Homer, 2005). Smoking accelerates the loss of lung function by destroying the cilia inhibiting the lungs natural ability to clean and repair itself (Oh, Murray, Molfino, 2012). Smoking also damages alveoli, causing poor gas exchange. The chemicals in cigarettes contribute to lung decline and disease and coat the lungs with tar and toxins (Oh et al., 2012). Inhaled substance and toxins such as asbestos are hypothesized to increase IPF probability (Meltzer Noble, 2008). When toxins invade the lungs, they interfere with the alveoli gas exchange process (Meltzer Noble, 2008). Lung injury can cause permanent damage. Acute lung injury has been hypothesized to accelerate an underlying progression of IPF. When cells of the lungs are damaged, it can be irreversible (Kottmann, Hogan, Phipps, Sime, 2009). Viral and bacterial infections cause a build of mucus in the lungs. When the alveoli get clogged they cannot properly exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide. Each infection acquired can cause more damage and can lead to permanent damage. When the lungs lose their ability to exchange gas, oxygen is inhibited from reaching the body’s vital organs (Kottmann et al., 2009). GER, commonly known as acid reflux, occurs when acid is aspired into the esophagus. â€Å"Researchers have found that 9 out of 10 people who have IPF also have gastroesophageal reflux disease† (â€Å"What Causes Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis? NHLBI, NIH,† n.d.) Recent research has found that genetics may play an important role in the risk factor of developing IPF. â€Å"Over the past decade, one aspect that has held great promise in helping the medical community to better define the pathogenesis of IPF is the recognition that genetic factors may play a role in this disease† (Lawson, Loyd, Degryse, 2011). Pathophysiology The cause of IPF is unknown. Despite considerable advancement in understanding the progression of IPF, the knowledge of the beginning stages of IPF re still inadequately understood (Noble Homer, 2005). Originally, in the 1970’s, it was thought that inflammation of the alveoli was the cause (Noble Homer, 2005). It was believed that untreated inflammation leads to the scarring of the lungs. Anti-inflammatory and corticosteroids were widely used to treat the inflammation. However, those therapies have proven ineffective, making it evident that inflammation was not the cause (Dempsey, Kerr, Gomersall, Remmen, Currie, 2006). The second theory that came about in the 1980’s suggesting growth termed â€Å"alveolar macrophage-derived growth factor† (Noble Homer, 2005). Known as the ‘growth factor hypothesis’, it is believed that abnormal healing of trauma within the lungs exaggerates the response and growth of profibrogenic causing the scarring of IPF (Noble Homer, 2005). This theory still proves to be a highly important discovery in the pathophysiology of IPF (Dempsey et al., 2006). A third theory also came out of the 1980’s, known as the epithelial-mesenchymal hypothesis, suggests that tissue death of alveolar epithelial cells can lead to alveolar collapse (Noble Homer, 2005). The epithelial- mesenchymal cell conversion can alter and change motility and the ability to heal. â€Å"Imbalance of the normal homeostatic microenvironment might be, per se, a cause of fibroblast proliferation and myofibroblast differentiation leading to fibrosis† (Prunotto et al., 2012). Clinical Manifestation According to the Coalition for Pulmonary Fibrosis, â€Å"Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and generally fatal disease characterized by scarring of the lungs that thickens the lining of the lungs, causing an irreversible loss of the tissue’s ability to transport oxygen. IPF ultimately robs a patient of the ability to breathe†(â€Å"Facts About Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis | Coalition For Pulmonary Fibrosis,† n.d.). IPF usually occurs in older adults in their 50’s or 60’s, and tends to occur more in men than in women (Lawson, Loyd, Degryse, 2011). According to the Coalition For Pulmonary Fibrosis, IPF affects about 128,100 people in the United States, with 48,000 new cases diagnosed annually (â€Å"Facts About Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis | Coalition For Pulmonary Fibrosis,† n.d.). â€Å"IPF has been reported to occur throughout the world in many different racial and ethnic groups. Studies in the United States have sugge sted that Caucasians are more likely to be diagnosed with IPF and have higher mortality rates from IPF than African Americans. It is unclear if these findings are due to real differences in racial characteristics or to an under-diagnosis of this condition in minority populations† (Siegel, 2011). IPF symptoms develop over time and usually are not diagnosed until serious damage has already been done to the lungs (â€Å"What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis? NHLBI, NIH,† n.d.). Patients are often misdiagnosed with diseases that present similar symptoms such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (â€Å"Facts About Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis | Coalition For Pulmonary Fibrosis,† n.d.). Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis usually present gradually with a nonproductive cough and dyspnea. (Hyzy, Huang, Myers, Flaherty, Martinez, 2007). The main symptom patients complain of being shortness of breath (Noble Homer, 2005). Other common symptoms include: â€Å"dry, hacking cough; rapid, shallow breathing; gradual, unintended weight loss; Fatigue (tiredness) or malaise (a general feeling of being unwell); clubbing, which is the widening and rounding of the tips of the fingers and toes† (â€Å"What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis? NHLBI, NIH,† n.d.). The gold standard for diagnosis of patients with IPF is a surgical lung biopsy (SLB), however critical risk for these patients usually prevent a high-risk surgical procedure (Kaarteenaho, 2013). â€Å"The mortality, which can occur shortly after the procedure, has probably been the major reason to refrain from performing SLB† (Kaarteenaho, 2013). With that in mind, diagnosis of IPF includes clinical, radiologic and histopathologic aspects (Wolters, Collard, Jones, 2014). The American Thoracic Society states, â€Å"in the absence of a definitive lung biopsy, the presence of all four major criteria and three minor criteria, as set forth in the current guidelines, increases the likelihood of a correct diagnosis of IPF: Major Criteria †¢Exclusion of other known causes of interstitial lung diseases, such as certain drug toxicities, environmental exposures, and connective tissue diseases †¢Abnormal pulmonary function studies that include evidence of restriction (reduced vital capacity often with an increased FEV:FVC ratio) and impaired gas exchange (increased AaPO2 with rest or exercise or decreased DLCO) †¢HRCT scan showing bibasilar reticular abnormalities with minimal ground-glass opacities †¢Transbronchial lung biopsy or BAL showing no features to support another diagnosis Minor Criteria †¢Age >50 years †¢Insidious onset of otherwise unexplained dyspnea on exertion †¢Duration of illness greater than or equal to 3 months †¢Bibasilar inspiratory crackles (dry or â€Å"Velcro-like† in quality)† (Raghu et al., 2011). The physical assessment is an important part of diagnosis, however, symptoms can mimic other diseases and make it hard to differentiate (Meltzer Noble, 2008). Attention should be paid to key risk factors such as work related inhaled chemical exposure and smoking. Fine inspiratory â€Å"Velcro-like† crackles can be heard upon examination and advance towards the upper airway as the disease progresses (Meltzer Noble, 2008).Clubbing of the fingers and toes is found in 50% of patients (Meltzer Noble, 2008). Lab results are often inconclusive to IPF, but as part of a puzzle can help to identify the disease. An ABG will more than likely read normal (Meltzer Noble, 2008). The pulmonary function test (PFT) can lend valuable information to diagnosing IPF. While IPF is a restrictive disease, it can often imitate obstructive disorders or congestive heart failure (CHF) (Meltzer Noble, 2008). â€Å"Routine spirometry reveals decreased measures of forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1). The ratio of FEV1/FVC remains normal (or increased) in IPF, consistent with restrictive physiology† (Meltzer Noble, 2008). Subsequently, the PFT can also reveal reduced TLC, RC, and RV. Reduced gas transfer may also be noted with a DLCO (Meltzer Noble, 2008). Almost every patient with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis will have abnormal radiological findings (Meltzer Noble, 2008). The imaging modality of choice in diagnosing IPF is High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) (Hospenthal, 2006). â€Å"Patchy, predominantly peripheral, subpleural, bibasal reticular opacities, often associated with traction bronchiectasis† (Harari Caminati, 2005). A phenomenon referred to as honeycombing is a prevalent finding in IPF, seen below is figure 3. Figure 1: Chest radiograph of a patient with IPF. Chest radiograph reveals peripheral, subpleural reticular opacities, most profuse at the lung bases (Harari Caminati, 2005). Figure 2: Chest HRCT in a patient with IPF. HRCT shows patchy, predominantly peripheral, subpleural, bibasal reticular abnormalities, traction bronchiectasis and bronchiolectasis and irregular septal thickening. There is also ground glass (Harari Caminati, 2005). Figure 3: Chest HRCT in a patient with IPF. HRCT shows predominantly peripheral and subpleural fibrosis with honeycombing (Harari Caminati, 2005). Complications Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a highly progressive disease. Because the tissues in the lungs are scarred, they cannot properly exchange gas and the low amount of oxygen delivered to the body causes several complications and puts strain on the right side of the heart. According to the America Thoracic Society, â€Å"There is an increasing awareness of complications and comorbid conditions frequently associated with IPF† (Raghu et al., 2011). Some of the most common complications are: Pulmonary hypertension, cor pulmonale, respiratory failure and lung cancer (Daniels, Yi, Ryu, 2008). Depression is also often seen in people with IPF because of its devastating prognosis (â€Å"Living With Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis NHLBI, NIH,† n.d.). Acute exacerbations (unexplained worsening of dyspnea) of IPF represent the most destructive and deadly complication (Raghu et al., 2011). â€Å"It is presently unclear if acute exacerbation of IPF is simply a manifestation of an unid entified respiratory complication (such as pulmonary emboli, infection) contributing to an acute worsening in a patient with IPF or represents an inherent acceleration in the pathobiological processes involved in IPF† (Raghu et al., 2011). Medical Management There is currently not a cure for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (â€Å"What Is Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis? NHLBI, NIH,† n.d.). Until recently, primary methods of management have been anti-inflammatories and lung transplants (Dempsey, Kerr, Gomersall, Remmen, Currie, 2006). While Anti-inflammatory are still used today it is not due to the effectiveness of treatment, but lack thereof for alternatives (Dempsey et al., 2006).â€Å"Immunosuppressive or cytotoxic agents are used among steroid nonresponders, patients experiencing serious adverse effects from corticosteroids, and patients at high risk for corticosteroid complications† (Harari Caminati, 2005). â€Å"Single-lung transplantation results in an actuarial survival of 73% at 1 year and 57% at 3 years† (Harari Caminati, 2005). Unfortunately, most patients are not eligible for transplant due to age or comorbidity factors (Harari Caminati, 2005). In the spring of 2014 the FDA announced two new drugs for the management of IPF (â€Å"CPF Celebrates Historic Year of Progress in Pulmonary Fibrosis | Coalition For Pulmonary Fibrosis Coalition For Pulmonary Fibrosis,† n.d.). Ofev (nintedanib) and Esbriet (pirfenidone) were both shown to slow the progress of IPF in clinical trials. â€Å"Pirfenidone is a transforming growth factor-beta inhibitor and tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitor† (Gohil, 2015). Ofev is a â€Å"fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) antagonist, platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) antagonist, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) antagonist† (Gohil, 2015). The two treatments are still in the early stages with little known about their effectiveness. Prognosis Prognosis for IPF is dim. It is a fatal disease (Meltzer Noble, 2008). The median survival rate is 3 years after diagnosis (Peljto et al., 2013). Factors associated with â€Å"shortened survival time include: older age, smoking history, lower body mass index (BMI), more severe physiologic impairment, greater radiologic extent of disease, and the development of other complications or conditions, in particular, pulmonary hypertension, emphysema, and bronchogenic cancer† (Ley, Collard, King, 2011). Clinical Trials During the past decade, there has been a notable amount of research into the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. IPF is no longer believed to be due to inflammation, but multiple injuries with atypical cell repair. According to The Coalition for Pulmonary Fibrosis, â€Å"there are many therapies under investigation in clinical trials that include: †¢Antifibrotic or antifibrogenic agents (such as Pirfenidone, interferon and certain blood-pressure-lowering medications) to suppress the scarring process †¢Antioxidants (such as N-acetylcysteine) to prevent damage to lung tissue †¢Monoclonal antibodies to inhibit â€Å"bad† cytokines (protein growth factors, such as TGF-beta, TNF-Alpha, or CTGF, that activate inflammation)† (â€Å"Active Clinical Trials and Investigational Research in IPF | Coalition For Pulmonary FibrosisCoalition For Pulmonary Fibrosis,† n.d.). References Active Clinical Trials and Investigational Research in IPF | Coalition For Pulmonary FibrosisCoalition For Pulmonary Fibrosis. (n.d.). Retrieved February 17, 2015, from http://www.coalitionforpf.org/active-clinical-trials-and-investigational-research-in-ipf/ Facts About Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis | Coalition For Pulmonary FibrosisCoalition For Pulmonary Fibrosis. (n.d.). Retrieved February 17, 2015, from http://www.coalitionforpf.org/facts-about-idiopathic-pulmonary-fibrosis/ Hospenthal. (2006). Diagnosis and management of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Implications for respiratory care. Respir Care, 51, 382–391. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16563193 Hyzy, R., Huang, S., Myers, J., Flaherty, K., Martinez, F. (2007). Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Chest, 132, 1652–1658. doi:10.1378/chest.07-0299 Kaarteenaho, R. (2013). The current position of surgical lung biopsy in the diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respiratory Research, 14, 43. doi:10.1186/1465-9921-14-43 Lawson, W. E., Loyd, J. E., Degryse, A. L. (2011). Genetics in pulmonary fibrosisfamilial cases provide clues to the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 341(6), 439–43. doi:10.1097/MAJ.0b013e31821a9d7a Ley, B., Collard, H. R., King, T. E. (2011). Clinical course and prediction of survival in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 183(3), 431–440. doi:10.1164/rccm.201006-0894CI Meltzer, E. B., Noble, P. W. (2008). Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases, 3, 8. doi:10.1186/1750-1172-3-8 Noble, P. W., Homer, R. J. (2005). Back to the future: Historical perspective on the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology, 33(8), 113–120. doi:10.1165/rcmb.F301 Peljto, A. L., Zhang, Y., Fingerlin, T. E., Ma, S.-F., Garcia, J. G. N., Richards, T. J., †¦ Schwartz, D. A. (2013). Association between the MUC5B promoter polymorphism and survival in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. JAMA, 309(21), 2232–9. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.5827 Raghu, G., Collard, H. R., Egan, J. J., Martinez, F. J., Behr, J., Brown, K. K., †¦ Schà ¼nemann, H. J. (2011). An Official ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT Statement: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Evidence-based guidelines for diagnosis and management. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 183, 788–824. doi:10.1164/rccm.2009-040GL Siegel, M. D. (2011). Breathing in America: Diseases, Prognosis, and Hope. Critical Care Medicine, 39, 1857. doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e31821b1e92 What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis? NHLBI, NIH. (n.d.). Retrieved February 17, 2015, from http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/ipf/signs What Is Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis? NHLBI, NIH. (n.d.). Retrieved February 14, 2015, from http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/ipf Wolters, P. J., Collard, H. R., Jones, K. D. (2014). Pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Annual Review of Pathology, 9, 157–79. doi:10.1146/annurev-pathol-012513-104706

Underpaid Teachers in Ohio Essay -- High School Teachers Employment Sa

Underpaid Teachers in Ohio   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  High school teachers’ average salary varies across the world. The United States is said to be one of the richest countries in the world, yet our teachers are being paid one of the lowest amounts. The Education Intelligence Agency, author of the article â€Å"Ohio Teacher Overcomes Union’s Tolerance† published an International Teacher Salary Report ranking the fifty states by â€Å"how much the average salary exceeded per capita personal income.† According to the Education Intelligence Agency Ohio’s percentage rate is only fifty- five point one percent. According to the Education Intelligence Agency the lowest state percentage is in South Dakota at twenty- three point six percent and the highest state percentage is Alaska at one hundred and one point five percent. Teachers are a very important part of our society. Teachers’ jobs consist of more than just sitting behind a desk for nine months and having paid summers off. The re are many extra tasks that teachers have that most people don not consider. Teachers in public schools work hard for a low salary and should be more appreciated; public school teachers shape the world’s young people, serve as role models, and work long hours.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ruth E. Sternberg is the reporter for the Columbus [Ohio] Dispatch Schools and has completed a survey on the issue of Ohio’s teacher’s salaries. According to Sternberg, the public high schools that have high salaries do not have enough money for new technologies. This is a disadvantage for the students. The students do not have the advantage of computers, digital cameras, and other new technologies that make learning more fun. The students who do not have these technologies may lose interest in learning. Sternberg also points out that higher salaries also causes businesses to decide not to open their stores in that district because of the higher taxes. The stores do not want to pay out more money than what they have to, even if it is for a good cause. I can understand the concern of the business owners, but they should think about where the money goes and how much it would benefit the public schools in that area. Sternberg discusses the loss of teachers that would be forced on the district if they raised the average teacher salary. This would mean that the class sizes would be larger and the teacher to student ratio would also rise. This would be a d... ...d be a completely different place then what it is now. These facts about how hard teachers work and how much they do for us should stand as proof that teachers are overworked and underpaid. Work Cited Alexander, Sandina. Personal Interview, 23 January 2003. Gaines, Gail. Focus on Teacher Salaries: What Teacher Salary Averages Don’t Show.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Southern Regional Education Board. Atlanta, GA: ERIC Document Reproduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Service, 2000. ED461644. Keliher, Evan. â€Å"Forget the Fads- The Old Way Works Best† Newsweek. September   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2002: 18. Mintz, Katy. â€Å"Focus Letter: Teachers Earn The Salary They Make.† The Desert Sun.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2002. 8 January 2003. Sternberg, Ruth E. â€Å"Ohio Teachers Settle Salary Contracts For Less Money.† SACC T.V.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2002. 13 February 2003. The Education Intelligence Agency. â€Å"International Teacher Salary Report.† Ohio   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Roundtable & Ohio Freedom Forum Online Library. 1999. 22 January 2003.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   United States Department of Labor. â€Å"Bureau of Labor Statistics.† Occupational Outlook   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Handbook. 2002-03. 13 February 2003. . Wilgoren, Jodi. â€Å"Education Study Finds U. S. Falling Short† (2001): 4pp. 22 January   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2003

Causes of Ignorance

Illiteracy is directly related to two main causes; Schools and Parents/Environment. Schools maintain letter grades that represent the performance and outcome of the students. Grades throughout the semester, cumulative grades and final outcomes. When taking a step back and looking at society and seeing how much ignorance and illiteracy there is it really makes you begin to think about whether or not that is not only the type of environment you wish to be in but whether or not you wish to raise your children there. Typically the schools represent the environment. School funding is also a very large problem that is a leading cause of illiteracy. Many schools simply do not have enough funds to buy the proper, updated and on grade level books. This causes the children to have below average and grade level reading levels, comprehension skills and general knowledge. On a day to day basis parents are blamed for the illiteracy of their children; whether it be because they are not encouraging their children to learn and read, or attend school in general to even try. In many cases the parents are not supportive of their children because they do not want to see them succeed and surpass their families expectations for them. Perhaps this is because they may feel intimidated or as if the child is overstepping some kind of authoritative boundary. Typically the overall education level of a parent is what determines their behavior towards their children and the kind of future that they want them to achieve. If the child's parent did not go very far in their college career, if any college at all then they usually do not press the importance of graduating with a strong degree to be successful. Some believe that schools may also be to blame because the expectations are set too high. In reality many schools just expect too little. Many children need challenges in order to further themselves. By marking a level and saying â€Å"This is what we feel you need to know by this age. † it puts realistic expectations. They do this because the testing that is provided at the end of a high school career that is required to be taken, cannot be altered for any child. They need to be prepared for these tests and in order to do well on them classroom standards must be met. Teachers are as supportive as the student allows them to be. Proper measures and steps need to be taken in order for students to live up to those expectations. Depending on the location of the school, funding is a tremendous problem. You cannot run a school off of nothing. Without proper methods of payment for the teachers, there would be none. Without money to buy the textbooks and teaching supplies, there would be no classes and curriculum for the students to follow. The end result of ill-funded schools is poor educations or none at all. Without proper updated textbooks children would not be kept up on current events; nor would they have the ability to use their common knowledge of today's society. Comprehension skills, in the context of different teaching/learning theories beginning decades ago, up to theories still used and replaced today. Reading levels and the ability to practice reading skills in order to raise the levels for proper education consumption. Illiteracy is based on three sole factors that I have previously stated. Had many schools had better funds and systems to raise money the illiteracy rate would drop severely. The typical factors will not easily be cared for but with the proper dedication and skills, can steadily decrease illiteracy in children which in turn results in illiterate adults.

HNA case study Essay

1. What contributed to HNA’s success in the China Airline Industry? 1. China’s prosperous market conditions Rising middle class (rising per capita income) Entry into WTO ïÆ'   growth in imports and exports Migration of rural population into urban cities Influx of foreign investment 2. Deregulation of civil aviation market 3. Strategic Decisions: Unconventional approach for a regional start up airline – chose to compete as a trunk line feeder Development of feeder routes in Western China – consistent with government plan to develop the â€Å"Silk Road† Effective acquisitions that helped them to expand faster 4. Effective utilization of capital markets (internal and external) to expand operational scale and lower operating costs 5. Culture Encompasses Chinese culture and Western modern management Lazy Ant Theory and Swapping System 6. Quality Excellent flight safety standards Punctuality rate is first in China 7. Clear Strategy: To be low cost provider Focused on cost structure and operating efficiency Cost per ASK was very low Lower maintenance cost Similar model of planes Ran aircrafts longer Investment in technology Lower staffing cost per ASK 8. Started outside CAAC – did not have to adhere to government standard. Forced them to be more aggressive 9. Strong Interrelation among the blocks of businesses contributes to increasing revenue for their airline business 2. What are the challenges that the company faces at both the business and corporate levels? Business Unit Price of Oil (airline) High financing costs (airline) Entry of budget hotel competitors (hotel) Entry of upscale international franchise (Hilton etc) into hotel industry (hotel) Credit rating firm downgraded the airline to second lowest rating Corporate level High debt level puts the company into difficulty of raising funds to expand Relative industries block – important to maintain relevance to its airline business 3. Was the company’s increasing breadth a distraction to the airline business or a route to competitive advantage? The increasing breadth might work in favor for HNA’s airline business as they seek to revamp itself into Grand China Airline. By increasing its breadth, it can help to strengthen the new airline brand name to other parts of the world. Particularly for the hotel business, HNA can utilize them to promote the brand presence of its airline business to tourists. However, HNA need to be careful of the breadth of business it can extend to. It should be kept within the boundaries of the airline industry such that whatever industries it is trying to expand to, it should contribute directly to its airline business (obvious synergy). For example, the departmental store business does not create synergy with the airline business.

Friend and Protected Friend in VB.NET

Friend and Protected Friend in VB.NET Access modifiers (also called scoping rules) determine what code can access an element- that is, what code has permission to read it or write to it. In previous versions of Visual Basic, there were three types of classes. These have been carried forward to .NET. In each of these, .NET allows access only to code: Private - within the same module, class, or structure.Friend - within the same assembly.Public - anywhere in the same project, from other projects that reference the project, and from any assembly built from the project. In other words, any code that can find it. VB.NET has also added one and a half new ones. ProtectedProtected Friend The half is because Protected Friend is a combination of the new Protected class and the old Friend class. The Protected and Protected Friend modifiers are necessary because VB.NET implements the last OOP requirement that VB was missing: Inheritance. Previous to VB.NET, supercilious and disdainful C and Java programmers would belittle VB because it was, according to them, not fully object oriented. Why? Previous versions lacked inheritance. Inheritance allows objects to share their interfaces and/or implementation in a hierarchy. In other words, inheritance makes it possible for one software object that takes on all of the methods and properties of another one. This is often called the is-a relationship. A truck is-a vehicle.A square is-a shape.A dog is-a mammal. The idea is that more general and widely used methods and properties are defined parent classes and these are made more specific in child classes (often called subclasses). Mammal is a more general description than dog. Whales are mammals. The big benefit is that you can organize your code so you only have to write code that does something that lots of objects have to do once in the parent. All employees have to have an employee number assigned to them. More specific code can be part of the child classes. Only employees that work in the general office need to have an employee door card key assigned to them. This new capability of inheritance requires new rules, however. If a new class is based on an old one, Protected is an access modifier that reflects that relationship. Protected code can be accessed only from within the same class, or from a class derived from this class. You dont want employee door card keys being assigned to anyone except employees. As noted, Protected Friend is a combination of the access of both Friend and Protected. Code elements can be accessed either from derived classes or from within the same assembly, or both. Protected Friend can be used to create libraries of classes since code that accesses your code only has to be in the same assembly. But Friend also has that access, so why would you use Protected Friend? The reason is that Friend can be used in a Source file, Namespace, Interface, Module, Class, or Structure. But Protected Friend can only be used in a Class. Protected Friend is what you need for building your own object libraries. Friend is just for difficult code situations where assembly wide access is really required.

How Domestic Violence Affect Children Social Work Essay Essay Example

How Domestic Violence Affect Children Social Work Essay Essay Example How Domestic Violence Affect Children Social Work Essay Essay How Domestic Violence Affect Children Social Work Essay Essay This paper will uncover assorted research findings of kids under the age of six who has informant or has been the victims of domestic force. Some of the research found will uncover that by witnessing domestic force in many signifiers has proven to be really harmful to the kids and many of the kids has lifetime scars as a consequence. Many of the findings will bespeak that the kid s societal, cognitive behaviour and physical development has affected the manner the kid responds in certain state of affairss. This paper will bring forth consciousness that these kids can populate a productive life if caught in clip and the necessary commissariats and aid is provided. Statisticss and informations will demo that there are as many unreported Numberss as there are reported Numberss of domestic force in immature kids. There will be a figure of mentions to demo the much research that has been conducted associating to the maltreatment witnessed by immature kids and besides research to demo the i ncreased figure of maltreatment that immature kids experience from domestic force. How Domestic Violence Affect the Lives of Children This research paper is intended to turn to issues of abused kids and how domestic force affects their lives in so many different ways. Domestic force can go on to anyone. Domestic force is defined as the form of opprobrious and baleful behaviours that may include physical, emotional, economic and sexual force every bit good as bullying, isolation and coercion. There are many ways that kids can see maltreatment. Children exposed to overpowering and potentially traumatic events early in their lives are considered ataˆ?risk for jobs in accommodation. Yet it is non known whether it is the age of first exposure ( AFE ) to force or the sum of force that the kid witnessed in their life-time that has the greatest impact on accommodation. For a sample of 190 kids ages 6 to 12 exposed to adumbrate spouse force, their female parents reported that the mean length of their opprobrious relationship was 10 old ages. The bulk of kids were foremost exposed to household force as babies at 64 per centum, with merely 12 per centum foremost exposed when schoolaˆ?aged. However, in arrested development analyses commanding for kid sex, ethnicity, age, and household environment variables, cumulative force exposure accounted for greater discrepancy in accommodation than did the age of first exposure. Furthermore, cumulative force exposure mediated the relationship between the age of first exposure and projec ting behaviour jobs, bespeaking that the cumulative exposure to adumbrate spouse force outweighed the age of first exposure in its consequence on kid accommodation ( Grahamaˆ?Bermann A ; Perkins, 2010 ) . Domestic force can sometimes travel undetected, and can sometimes be missed if it is non seeable. Sometimes it can be seen in their actions and how they interact with the other kids. Sometimes little kids are bitters and they bite as a manner of protecting themselves. The statistics above shows that 64 per centum of kids exposed to force were in their babyhood phase. The kid s character is shaped in their early old ages by the parent or parents. This is where they receive their first degree of instruction. The kids learn to pattern their parent s behaviour and develop life s lessons from their parents. So when domestic force is witnessed in the place, the kid learns that mode of behaviour as good. Therefore, the kid is able to larn force at an early age. The first twelvemonth of a child life is the babyhood phase. This is the phase when the kid shows rapid growing physically, psychologically, socially and developmentally. The kid s encephalon is developing at an dismaying rate and so the kid is able to grok what is traveling on around them. They might non cognize how to explicate it, but they know what is traveling on. More and more kids are witnessing and sing domestic force. Domestic force does non merely go on to hapless people, it happens to anybody regardless of the societal or economic position. Domestic force is great among male childs, because they feel it gets them what they want. And among the misss, they are at a hazard of experiencing the force is normal in relationships. Therefore, as immature kids, both male childs and misss grow up experiencing that domestic force is portion of life and to see it in relationships is normal for them and they expect it from their relationship as they grow up and to some grade it makes them experience like they are in control. Children experience a broad scope of exposure to domestic force and they ever feel that they are someway responsible for it go oning in their places. They develop a sense of guilt and they experience a great trade of anxiousness. Because they do non cognize how to show how they feel, they sometimes become withdrawn and have a develop kiping jobs and sometimes, particularly in little kids, might wake up from their sleep weeping as a consequence of what they have witnessed associating to domestic force. Children who are exposed to domestic force, particularly perennial incidents of force, are at hazard for many troubles, both instantly and in the hereafter. These include jobs with sleeping, feeding and other basic bodily maps ; depression, aggressiveness, anxiousness and other jobs in modulating emotions ; troubles with household and peer relationships ; and jobs with attending, concentration and school public presentation ( Holt, Buckley, A ; Whelan, 2008 ) . Children under the age of 6 old ages old were at greater hazard of direct centripetal exposure. Domestic force families with kids were more likely to be low-income, colored, and headed by a individual female, compared to families at big. Police collected informations on the demographic features of the victim, features of the incident, and whether kids were present. Consequences showed that 44 per centum of all substantiated domestic force events had kids present. These kids were more likely to be from cultural minority families and 47 per centum of them were less than 6 old ages old ( Evans, Davies A ; DiLillo, 2008 ) . Childhood exposure to domestic force appears to bring forth many of the same developmental effects, although these are by and large less good documented. For illustration, kids exposed to DV hold higher than mean rates of cognitive, psychological, and emotional damages ( Fantuzzo, A ; Fusco, 2007 ) . These kids are left traumatized because of what they see go oning during the class of the violent actions. It leaves some kids badly damaged. They are non merely witnessing the force, but they are sometimes the 1s that are violated. They feel that they are the 1s that cause this to go on and are left feeling nothingness and entirely. Interventions that help kids are normally those that help parents to increase their ain safety and to increase the resources available to supply safety for their kids. Child maltreatment, young person force and domestic force are inextricably interwoven. The presence of domestic force in a kid s life non merely hurts the kid, it has making effects on all of society. Community based intercessions may be the best hope for households in our society fighting with force in their places. Early instruction on the topic can assist forestall the rhythm of domestic force from go oning ( Holt, Buckley A ; Whelan, 2008 ) . In order to minimise the hazard of long-run harm, kid informants to domestic force need the safety and security of their environment to be restored. Children exposed to domestic force besides need support from the grownups around them, most significantly their ain parents or other primary health professionals. Interventions that aid kids are normally those that help parents to increase their ain safety and to increase the resources available to supply safety for their kids. Child maltreatment, young person force and domestic force are inextricably interwoven. The presence of domestic force in a kid s life non merely hurts the kid, it has making effects on all of society. Community based intercessions may be the best hope for households in our society fighting with force in their places. Early instruction on the topic can assist forestall the rhythm of domestic force from go oning. Health attention workers, jurisprudence enforcement officers, pedagogues, domestic maltreatment and kid public assistance organisation workers all play overlapping functions in the bar and intercession of instances of harmful domestic force. ( Jaffe, Baker, A ; Cunningham, 2004 ) . Childs who witness domestic force may hold impaired educational attainment every bit good as confronting other challenges such as battles with self-esteem and forming relationships. Two typical types of responses by kids were identified: those who became quiet and withdrawn, and those who became loud and aggressive. There seemed to hold been progress in footings of professional apprehension and service responses sing domestic force, but at that place seemed to be limited structured cooperation between the professional groups in turn toing the effects of domestic force on kids ( Byrne A ; Taylor, 2007 ) . When kids are quiet and withdrawn, they tend to bottle everything up indoors and after a piece they will get down to see other jobs in their lives that will interfere with them socially and physiologically. It is particularly bad on a immature kid because they do nt cognize how to show themselves and go angry and will sometimes flog out at other kids as a agency of venting their cho ler. Exposed kids showed lower verbal operation and higher internalising behaviours than did their non-exposed equals ( Ybara, Wilkens, A ; Lieberman, 2007 ) . Children that are bought up in violent places will sometimes stop of detesting their parents and develop bad feelings to towards them and will in some cases rebel against them. They start to experience that they have been let down by both parents and as a consequence of what they have witnessed or experience will believe that they ever have to protect themselves and be on their guard to non let anyone else to harm them and they can go unsafe to themselves and others. Children were present in about 50 per centum of the domestic force events. They were disproportionately present in domestic force family as compared to all other families in the municipality. Domestic force families with kids were more likely to hold female parents and male parents involved in the force and were disproportionately minority families headed by individual females in comparatively hapless vicinities ( Fantuzzo, Fusco, Mohr, A ; Perry, 2007 ) . There are many ways that kids can be exposed to domestic force ; they can see it, hear it or endure domestic force. They can besides be used to make greater injury to the individual that has been battered. For case is a male parent is crushing the female parent, the male parent could demand that the kid hit the female parent every bit good. That makes them both batterers. Domestic force does non merely impact the abused partner. The kids populating in the place are every bit victims as good even if the force is non aimed straight towards them. Childs who are raised in the places where domestic force is practiced are 60 per centum. They are more likely to acquire involved in juvenile delinquency and 30 per centum more likely to go a culprit of maltreatment when they turn into grownups ( Martin, 2011, p.292 ) . More research is besides needed that folAÂ ­lows kids into maturity to measure the effects of force on their long-run wellness and wellbeing. Such research would complement those surveies, such as the Adverse Childhood Experiences ( ACE ) survey discussed earlier, that have taken a retrospective expression at the effects of inauspicious childhood experiences. The National SurAÂ ­vey of Children s Exposure to Violence ( NatSCEV ) findings affirm that more demands to be done to mensurate kids s exposure to force on an on-going and systematic footing utilizing public surveillance mechanisms, including follow-up studies and long-run monitoring ( Kracke A ; Hahn, 2008 ) . About one-half ( 46.3 per centum ) of all the kids surveyed were physically assaultAÂ ­ed within the old twelvemonth, and more than one-half ( 56.7 per centum ) had been assaulted during their life-time. Physical assaults are highly common across the full span of childhood and extremum during in-between childhood. Assaults by sibAÂ ­lings particularly show a pronounced developAÂ ­mental tendency, top outing during the in-between childhood old ages ( ages 6 to 9 ) and so worsening. Incidence for the most terrible assaults, nevertheless, rises steadily with age ( Finkelhor, Turner, Ormond A ; Hamby, 2009 ) . This research was really dismaying to cognize that the figure of kids, young persons and striplings would and hold been assaulted in their life-time. If the kid is assaulted during the early phases of their life, it is likely it will follow so throughout their life-time. NatSCEV found that witnessing force was a common happening for kids, peculiarly as they grew older. OverAÂ ­all, more than one-fourth of kids surveyed ( 25.3 per centum ) had witnessed force in their places, schools, and communities during the past twelvemonth ; and more than one-third ( 37.8 per centum ) had witnessed force against another perAÂ ­son during their life-times. The proportion of kids who witnessed force both within the past twelvemonth and during their lifeAÂ ­times rose from one age group to the following ( Finkelhor, Turner, Ormond A ; Hamby, 2009 ) . Ratess for witnessAÂ ­ing household force were reasonably changeless across the span of childhood, with all age groups falling in a reasonably narrow scope of about 6 to 11 per centum. Over the class of their life-times, male childs overall were somewhat more likely than misss to witness force ( 40.1 per centum of male childs and 35.4 per centum of misss ) . Boys were more likely to witness force in the commuAÂ ­nity, slaying, and shots both in the past twelvemonth and during their life-times. There were no gender differences in witnessing household force ( Finkelhor, 2009 ) . In the past, I have as a Court Advocate for Women affected by Domestic Violence. I have witnessed and counseled many that have indicated that their kids were present during their domestic force differences. In some instances, the kids were injured as a consequence and there were instances of domestic force committed against the adult females by their ain kids. These kids had grown up in an opprobrious environment and had become the maltreaters. If the female parent is abused during the gestation, it is likely that the consequence on the unborn will be destined that they will turn out as an maltreater. The kids are sometimes removed from the places and placed into surrogate places or both the female parent and kids are placed in shelters for their safety. The marks that the kid is populating in a violent place scene is sometimes concealed. When the kid is immature the kid will hold multiple behaviour jobs. Small kids will go bitters and call continuously. They will wet in their bloomerss and they will go riotous to other kids. They are ungratified and they become recluse and alienate themselves from other kids. When they are at drama with other kids, they feel a demand to ever be in control. They fight frequently to remain in control and power. These kids besides suffer incubuss and wake up shouting and shouting in their slumber. Some of the kids that have suffered from domestic force are besides known to go autistic and execute at a much lower acquisition and comprehension than kids that have neer been exposed to domestic force. They are noncompliant in school scene. It is known that they have inordinate pique fits, they become easy cranky, their concentration is off, and they show no involvement in any societal activities. There have been many installations built to help the human service professionals to be able to work with kids that have been exposed to domestic force. Some of these services include: crisis intercession, shelters, victim advocator plans, tribunal concomitant and several others. Childs are non able to do their ain determinations and so there are tribunal appointed professionals that are assigned to do certain the kid is placed in a safe environment. In my decision, as a Marriage and Family Counselor, I will make the best occupation as I can as a professional to guarantee that my clients have the best professional service I can supply. It is of import in my profession to handle each individual with the extreme urgency and know that they are most of import to my pattern. As I did the research on the kids and how domestic force affected their lives, I did non recognize the figure of kids that were damaged by domestic force and the different effects that it had on their lives. Not merely does it impact their lives, but the lives of others that surround them. It has a great consequence on their instruction, community and their environment. I plan to work hard to do a difference in the lives of kids, young persons and households with a great accent on the at-risk population.

Free Printable Math Charts, Grids and Graph Paper PDFs

Free Printable Math Charts, Grids and Graph Paper PDFs Even in early mathematics, certain specialized papers and tools must be used to ensure students are able to quickly and easily identify numbers on graphs, grids, and charts, but buying reams of graph or isometric paper can be expensive! For that reason, weve compiled a list of printable PDFs that will help prepare your student for completing his or her math course load. Whether its a standard multiplication or 100s chart or one-half inch graph paper, the following resources are essential for your elementary student to be able to participate in math lessons and each comes with its own utility for specific areas of study. Read on to discover the different charts, grids, and graph papers your young mathematician will need in order to complete his or her studies, and learn some fun facts about early mathematics along the way! Essential Charts for Grades One Through Five Every young mathematician should always have a few handy number charts in their possession in order to more easily solve the increasingly difficult equations presented in first through fifth grades, but none may be quite as useful as the  multiplication chart.   A multiplication chart should be laminated and used with young learners working on the multiplication fact families as each multiplication chart illustrates the various products of multiplying numbers up to 20 together. This will help expedite the process of calculating larger problems as well as helping students commit the basic multiplication table to memory. Another great chart for young learners is the   100s Chart, which  is primarily also used in grades one through five. This chart a visual tool that displays all the numbers up to 100 then every 100s number larger than that, which helps with skip counting, observing patterns in numbers, adding, and subtracting to name a few concepts this chart is associated with. Graphs and Dot Papers Depending on the grade your student is in, he or she may require different sized graph papers to plot data points on a graph.  1/2 Inch,  1 CM, and  2 CM graph paper  are all staples in math education but are used more frequently in teaching and practicing measurement and geometry concepts. Dot paper, both in  portrait  and  landscape  formats, is another tool used for geometry, flips, slides, and turns along with sketching shapes to scale. This type of paper is highly popular for young mathematicians because it provides a precise but flexible canvas the students use to illustrate their understanding of core shapes and measurements. Another version of dot paper,   isometric paper, features dots that are not placed in a standard grid format, rather the dots in the first column are raised a few centimeters from the dots in the second column, and this pattern repeats across the paper with every other column higher than the one before it. Isometric paper in sizes  1 CM  and   2 CM  is meant to help students understand abstract shapes and measurements. Coordinate Grids When students start to approach the topic of algebra, they will no longer rely on dot paper or graphs to plot the numbers in their equations; instead, they will rely on the more detailed coordinate grids with or without numbers alongside the axises. The size of the coordinate grids needed for each math assignment varies by each question, but generally speaking printing several   20x20 coordinate grids with numbers  will suffice for most math assignments. Alternatively,   9x9 dotted coordinate grids  and   10x10 coordinate grids, both without numbers, may suffice for early-level algebraic equations. Eventually, students may need to plot several different equations on the same page, so there are also printable PDFs that include  four 10x10 coordinate grids  without and  with numbers, four   15x15 dotted coordinate grids without numbers, and even nine   10x10 Dotted  and non-dotted  coordinate grids.

Goverment & Funding In the State New York Essay

Goverment & Funding In the State New York - Essay Example New York prides itself on having been out front in the move toward universal health care accessibility, yet the state’s sluggish economic climate, a poorly written insurance law and an aging population have conspired to undermine many of the state’s progressive policies, possibly foreshadowing the fate of the Obama administration’s great initiative. To make matters worse, a chronic shortage of nurses threatens the day-to-day delivery of effective health care to an aging population, symptomatic of a national trend that could further hamper the massive reform of America’s health care system. Nevertheless, the research conducted in preparation for this paper yielded information which confirms the need for an overhaul of America’s health care system. New York’s health insurance law, which went into effect nearly 20 years ago, has failed to manage costs and made coverage more difficult to obtain for many in spite of its intent. Research also shows that New York State has among the highest health care costs in the nation. Average costs for individual health plans have tripled since 2001 and, in many parts of the state, individuals can expect to pay as much as $12,000 (Levey, 2010). Coupled with data concerning the nursing shortage, the significance of this research is that it leads to some ominous conclusions about the direction Bridging the Coverage Gap 3 of health care in New York in the absence of a big picture reform initiative. The role of nursing has seldom been more important. In addition to their traditional role as dedicated and caring health care providers, nurses act on behalf of patients and serve as invaluable sources of healthcare information. Nurses and nursing associations in New York, such as the Nursing Students Association of New York, have advocated on behalf of the health care reform movement, helping secure support for the national overhaul in the Empire State. One of the most significant developments ca me recently at the state level, where Gov. Andrew Cuomo took steps to ensure that the 2011-2012 state budget included funding for the Nursing Care Quality Protection Act. This legislation establishes a high degree of transparency between the public and the nursing profession, requiring the disclosure of nursing quality care indicators and staffing ratios. â€Å"Having this important information available to the public, legislators and regulators is critical to evidence-based healthcare reform,† said Tina Gerardi, a spokesperson with the New York State Nurses Association (NYSNA). (NYSNA, 2011). The state’s recognition of the role nursing plays in administering health care also extends to education and training. The new state budget provides funding for new nursing programs at the State University of New York and the City University of New York. Perhaps even more significantly, the state will fund loan forgiveness and scholarship programs through 2016. According to the N YSNA, these provisions will encourage nurses to seek further education and training, help ensure that nurses coming into the system are well prepared and, ultimately, help alleviate the nursing shortage problem (NYSNA, 2011). So it appears there is good news and bad concerning the state of health care in New York: on one hand, costs are out of control thanks Bridging the Cove

Summary Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 24

Summary - Assignment Example This focuses on reducing psychological problems that may significantly affect the employees. A critical analysis of the case under study which is based on employee perception of problems, it is evident that smoking is an aspect of challenges the organization and the employees grapple with. In the opinion of Noe (pg.44-8), the main issue is how to solve it with regard to supervisor or management awareness and appropriate mitigation measures as illustrated in table 19, question 7. For in-depth research study on the problem of smoking it is imperative that the available statistics is critically evaluated to promote development of informed decision. The provided case indicates that Smoking is a common addiction among workers and is attributed to diverse problems that workers experience. Cording to DeCenzo and Stephen (pg. 56-9),some employees smoke out of frustration in their job while others undertake it in pursuit of happiness as they cannot find it at home and this is explained from the tabulated finding in table 18,question 5. It is therefore important from some of the feedback that human resource management asses the emotional feelings of the workers. Through such practices, the individual psychological problems that lead to smoking among the employees can be helped by guidance and counseling. Such programmes can significantly boost the overall welfare of the employees, enhance their health and improve their productivity. Several scholarly works have been produced to explore the issue of smoking as one of employee challenges and appropriate human resource measures. It is therefore important to give an annotated bibliography as shown below. The author explores the critical human resource practices that emphasize the need to understand the social problems facing individual employees. It is relevant to the case under study in which employees show significant urge to see their supervisors counsel and

Assignment Two Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Assignment Two - Essay Example Christianity, the religion of Jesus Christ and his followers, is frequently described as the most tolerant of the monotheistic religions. Perhaps this is true but Christianity is not without its history of forced conversion, pogroms and religious intolerance. Although the founder of Protestantism and responsible for the historically significant schism within Christianity and the Catholic Church, Martin Luther also displayed a candid intolerance towards people who did not share his religious persuasion. Accordingly, Luther writes that the â€Å"Turks pretend, despite the Holy Scriptures, that they are the chosen people of God, descendents of Ishmael† and argues that they are slanderous, warlike and barbaric. Although his saves much disdain for the Catholic Church, the Muslims people are to be feared and their idolatry is not too be tolerated (Luther 116-117). Roger Williams, an early American settler and founder of what would later become Rhode Island, railed against the Cathol ic Church and Catholicism in general but also preached for a plurality of religious persuasions in the United States. Advocating religious tolerance and diversity in this new land he was a strong proponent of the division between church and state (Williams 117). Accordingly, there is also a strong tradition of religious tolerance in Islam, dating back to the Middle Ages and the Empire of Akbar in the 16th century. Akbar, Mughal Emperor of a vast Muslim-majority empire, represented an era of tolerance and openness to religious other than Islam and presided over a diverse population. Although a Muslim himself and presiding over a larger Muslim population, Akbar also reached out to the Hindus in his Empire and further drew inspiration from the Buddhists, Zoroastrians and other religious denominations in the empire. According to a less than laudatory biographer, Christians were also integrated into the empire and encouraged their beliefs within the dominant

Humanitarian Action - Haiti Earthquake Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Humanitarian Action - Haiti Earthquake - Essay Example Usually we associate disaster as a crisis inflicted by nature but human-made disasters are not less likely to represent similar amount of suffering for humanity. One of such disasters is war and conflicts that brings up the crisis of internally displaced people or IDPs. By June 2008, more than 2.8 million people were internally displaced in Iraq. Most of them are spread in rented accommodations and depend on host communities, governmental bodies, or some national and international humanitarian agencies. This population was displaced in three phases, approximately 1.6 million fled sectarian violence in 2006,an estimated 190,000 displaced by military operation and violence in 2003 to 2005, and around 1.2 million displaced as a consequence of the policies of Saddam’s government and Gulf War. In addition to this, according to UNHCR 1.7 million Iraqi refugees are abroad and only 300,000 of them are registered (Iraq 2010 Humanitarian Action Plan [HAP], 2009) This situation is not created at once but emerged from a legacy of sanctions, violence, conflict, lack of development and public service. These factors led to the scarcity of basic human needs, for instance, water, food, shelter, security, and access to health care and education. Since there has been no major humanitarian or security crisis in 2009, some improvement in IDPs returning to their home can be noticed but there is no change in vulnerable areas, for instance, northern and north-western Iraq, central Iraq and areas of southern Iraq.

A critical review of the potential of certification to assist in the Essay

A critical review of the potential of certification to assist in the development of more sustainable tourism - Essay Example This is in respect to the varying types of tourism found in different destinations, including the unique presence of niche tourism segments, as well as mass tourism in general. Essentially, it regards the portrayal and upholding of specific values, which make a great global difference, not only in reference to the millions of global travelers, by also those directly impacted by existing tourism. Above all, it entails the observance of responsible tourism, which is aimed at making positive differences to tourist destinations, the local populations present, and fundamentally so, the environment. Sustainable tourism is essentially, the attempt of making the lowest possible impacts on not only a given region’s environmental ecosystems, but also the local cultures present. The culture aspect regards the traditions, way of life, folklore and heritage present, which uniquely identify such regions as distinct tourism destinations. In addition, as Mowforth and Munt (1998) portray, is the requisite aspect of job opportunity creation for the local populations, thereby enabling greater wholesome sustainability of such regions and destinations. The ultimate aim of this type of tourism is ensuring the development achieved, provides a foundation of positive experience, for not only the tourists and tourism companies at large, but also the local residents (Mowforth & Munt, 1998:44). Thus, sustainable tourism pertains to the adopted practices implemented in successful eco-tourism. As a term, sustainable tourism is often interpreted in oxymoron terms. This is informed by the fact that tourism as an activity, majorly depends upon, and continuously increasing air transportation (Mowforth & Munt, 1998:490). Unfortunately, this mode of transportation is linked to the contribution of significant amounts of greenhouse gas emissions. These are emitted from combustion, rising high into the stratosphere and hence contribute to the

Economic Order Quantity Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Economic Order Quantity - Assignment Example The result of such specificity is that there is a smooth re-stocking process that enhances customer service as stock-outs are minimized. The EOQ model involves the use of mathematical calculations which may at times be complicated for small business owners that may lack in math skills. It also requires data that has sufficient detail. The basis of the model is the assumption that the pattern of demand would be constant throughout the year and inventory usage is at a fixed rate. It fails to account for fluctuations. The assumption that costs remain constant is also faulty as the costs vary depending on the economic situation. It also limits how a business can take advantage of discounts that suppliers offer on quantity purchases. That is because it offers the ordering of similar amounts every time. Finkler, S. A., Purtell, R.M., Calabrese, T.D., & Smith, D.L. (2013). Financial management for public, health, and not-for-profit organizations (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice

A critical review of the potential of certification to assist in the Essay

A critical review of the potential of certification to assist in the development of more sustainable tourism - Essay Example This is in respect to the varying types of tourism found in different destinations, including the unique presence of niche tourism segments, as well as mass tourism in general. Essentially, it regards the portrayal and upholding of specific values, which make a great global difference, not only in reference to the millions of global travelers, by also those directly impacted by existing tourism. Above all, it entails the observance of responsible tourism, which is aimed at making positive differences to tourist destinations, the local populations present, and fundamentally so, the environment. Sustainable tourism is essentially, the attempt of making the lowest possible impacts on not only a given region’s environmental ecosystems, but also the local cultures present. The culture aspect regards the traditions, way of life, folklore and heritage present, which uniquely identify such regions as distinct tourism destinations. In addition, as Mowforth and Munt (1998) portray, is the requisite aspect of job opportunity creation for the local populations, thereby enabling greater wholesome sustainability of such regions and destinations. The ultimate aim of this type of tourism is ensuring the development achieved, provides a foundation of positive experience, for not only the tourists and tourism companies at large, but also the local residents (Mowforth & Munt, 1998:44). Thus, sustainable tourism pertains to the adopted practices implemented in successful eco-tourism. As a term, sustainable tourism is often interpreted in oxymoron terms. This is informed by the fact that tourism as an activity, majorly depends upon, and continuously increasing air transportation (Mowforth & Munt, 1998:490). Unfortunately, this mode of transportation is linked to the contribution of significant amounts of greenhouse gas emissions. These are emitted from combustion, rising high into the stratosphere and hence contribute to the

Business Law - brief case using FIRAC method. and more Essay

Business Law - brief case using FIRAC method. and more - Essay Example Therefore, a person is considered liable for negligence if he or she has departed or violates the conduct which is expected of a â€Å"reasonably prudent person† who is acting under the same circumstance (Buswell 41). In the case of Duncan vs. Union Pacific, the court sought to establish whether there was negligence on the part of the Union Pacific, and particular how its train was operated. The court found out that there was no evidence to show that the train was operated negligently, and that its warning bells, whistles, and headlight were well activated before approaching the crossing. Paul Kleinman, the operator of the train had seen the car approaching but he believed it would stop. However, the car did not stop and it was too late for him to stop the train and avoid hitting the car. Besides, the Utah Department of Transportation was satisfied that the railroad crossing had met all the required safety standards; the court was thus satisfied that the state of the crossing was good and it could not be attributed to the accident. Even though the court concurred that the railroad crossing is hazardous, its simple existence was not in itself a breach of duty of care (a key element in establishing negligence). John O. Hairstons died as a result of a collision on the South Fork River Bridge on 17 April 1978. Hairston negotiated the purchase of a 1978 Lincoln Continental automobile on Friday, 14 April 1978, at Haygood Lincoln Mercury, Inc. in Lowell, North Carolina. Apparently, as he waited, the service department employees at Haygoods replaced the standard wheels with turbine wheels from another automobile. After travelling for approximately 3.5 miles following conclusion of transaction at Haygood, the left rear wheel of the new Lincoln car came off. Thereafter, he was hit by a G.M.C truck operated by Robert Alexander and he died. Alexander Tank argued that Haygood’s negligence was the proximate cause of Hairston’s death. The rule of law

Importance of Employer Branding Concepts

Importance of Employer Branding Concepts Terms of references This report highlights the rising awareness for the development of Employer Branding concept and its benefits for the organisations in present competitive labour market. The conflict between effective employer branding and employees rights and satisfaction toward organization has been examined in this report with specific focus on the unethical and controlling effect. Introduction Employer branding is the perception of employees about an organization as a place to work. Its designed for motivating and securing employees alignment with the vision and values of the organizations. From the HR perspective the concept was subsumed the older term INTERNAL BRANDING that was essentially the process of communicating an organizations brand value to its employee. Employer branding The concept of EMPLOYER BRANDING was created in the 1990s by Simon Barrow, who founded People in Business (now part of TMP Worldwide) and was the co-author of The Employer Brand. 1 In the past, Barrow had been a consumer goods brand manager and headed up an advertising agency in London, but later became the chief executive of a recruitment agency. He was immediately struck by the similarities between the challenges faced in promoting consumer goods and in publicising the strengths of an organisations employee proposition. Both, he recognised, required a strong brand, and so the concept of employer branding was conceived. Barrow defined the employer brand as the package of functional, economic and psychological benefits provided by employment and identified with the employing company. Sullivan (2004) defines employer branding as a targeted, long-term strategy to manage the awareness and perceptions of employees, potential employees, and related stakeholders with regards to a particular firm. Ambler and Barrow (1996) define employer brand in terms of the benefits it conveys on employees. In other words, the employer brand represents the array of economic, functional and psychological benefits that an employee might receive because of joining an organization. Just as product brands convey an image to customers, an employer brand conveys an organizational image to potential and current employees. In that regard, the employer brand presents a value proposition about what people might receive as a result of working for a particular employer (Backhaus and Tikoo, 2004). These definitions indicate that emp loyer branding means promoting and building an identity and a clear view of what makes an organization different and desirable as an employer. It has similarities with product and corporate branding but the key difference is its more employment specific. Recruitment and employer branding Developing an employer brand is a combination of adopting vision, values, and behaviours, and delivering a service that shows commitment to best practice and service excellence. It begins with the recruitment process that offers number of tools that can be used to create perceptions of an employing organization, these tools are: 1. Job advertisement and description 2. Interview process 3. Offer letters 4. Information pack for new recruiters 5. Employee handbooks 6. Induction and training. The recruitment process is an important way to build a positive relationship between the organization and employee. Throughout the procedure, the organization can create a strong and positive view about them; even it can be extended to unsuccessful candidates as well. When employees have accepted the sincerity and accuracy of the employer brand, they will carry it forward, actively promoting the brand to colleagues and customers. However, employer branding which is basically untruthful will not work and is likely to be counter-productive. Benefits of Employer Branding Long-term impact: Successful employer brand can have positive impacts on recruiting for at least five years baring any major PR issues surrounding the company. Increased volume of spontaneous candidates: The number of applicants will increase each year. In some cases, applications will increase by 500%. Higher quality candidates: Not only the quantity but the quality of candidates will improve dramatically, individuals who never would have considered in the past will start applying. Higher offer-acceptance rates: As employment image becomes better known and more powerful, firms offer acceptance rates will improve dramatically. Increased employee motivation: Employee motivation will be easier to maintain because of employees increased pride in the firm and the better management practices that are required to maintain an employer-of-choice status. A stronger corporate culture: Because one of the goals of employment branding is to develop a consistent message about what its like to work and what it feel to be a part of the organization, employment branding can help strengthen firms corporate culture. Decreased corporate negatives: Effective branding programs identify and counter negative comments about the organisation. Increased manager satisfaction: The resulting higher quality of candidates and higher offer-acceptance rate means that hiring managers will have to devote less time to interviews, and they will be more satisfied with the recruiting function. A competitive advantage: Because employment branding efforts include extensive metrics and side-by-side comparisons with talent competitors, firms can ensure that their talent-management approaches are differentiated and continually superior. Increased shareholder value: The effective and improved employer image can positively impact a firms stock price. Support for the product brand: An employment brand can support the corporate brand and related product brands because many consumers mentally make the link between attracting quality employees and producing a quality product. The brand essence should summarize what the brand stands for, becoming the nucleus for product development, all communications and even HR initiatives for employees. Its definition should also be consistent with the corporate vision/mission and values. For example, Volvo is a good example of a brand description is Volvo Style, driving pleasure and superior ownership experience while celebrating human values and respecting the environment. Volvos values and associations reflecting this brand identity are what are considered to be typically Scandinavian e.g. nature, security and health, human values, elegant simplicity, creative engineering and the spirit of stylish/innovative functionality. For Volvo, this description not only mirrors the psycho-graphic profile of the ideal customer for their cars, but also summarizes what Volvo as a company means to all its workers its employer brand. These are intrinsic values that Volvo workers can relate to, what they believe in and why they feel comfortable making a commitment to their jobs. One can easily visualize the types of HR programs that would inspire a sense of pride and re-enforce these intangibles e.g. nature, health, security and other meaningful human values. Living the brand LIVING THE BRAND is identifying with an organizations brand value to such an extent that employees behaviours fit exactly to the image that the business is trying to portray to its customers (Alan Price 2007). The alignment between employees behaviour and value of organizations brand image is very important. It is suggested that organisations need to ensure that there is no gap between what the organisation is saying in the outside world and what people believe inside the business. The employees should be perceived as Brand ambassador and brand marketing would only be successful if they LIVE THE BRAND. From this perspective: 1. Organizations have encouraged employees to buy in to the business vision and values. 2. They have to ensure that everyone in the organization clearly understand the purpose of the common set of values. According to Ind (2004), the themes discussed are likely to be of interest to HR and marketing practitioners as well as those involved in internal communications within organisations. Employees themselves are expected to internalise features and aspects of the organisations brand to ensure that they become brand champions, thus helping to represent to organisations brand to the outside customers. Such an approach immediately raises some interesting problems relating to equality and diversity as it expects each employee to share a particular set of values and act in accordance with these values. The employee branding approach being recommended by Ind raises a number of challenges for those interested in an equality and diversity agenda. An organisation that aims to ensure that empl oyees are living the brand will specifically aim to attract and recruit employees who already share the values of the corporate brand. Furthermore, those already employed within the organisation will be encouraged to internalise the values of the organisation. Clearly, there are problems for encouraging diversity here, with one of the principles of diversity management being an acceptance and recognition that people are different and individual differences (especially of values) should be welcomed. Inherently, a living the brand focus is likely to go against such a principle. Ind makes the point that encouraging employee identification and commitment to the organisations brand values might deny an expression of individuality. However, Ind suggests that internal branding combined with allowing employees to be empowered will enable freedom with order. Denial of individuality (dress code policy) When it comes to professional image, many employers are realising that Standards of dress and personal presentation are essential thus having a policy on dress code can be important. Where the employees meet customers, they act as the shop window for the company and the benefits of presentable appearance are obvious. However, even where the employees work is internal, there are less tangible benefits such as: Creating a team atmosphere, Engendering standards of professionalism, and Creating a corporate image. As employers are realising this, they are paying more attention to the appearance of their employees and the image and perception of the business dress, grooming and personal hygiene are all part and parcel of this. However, the issue of work place dress codes can be highly controversial. It is vital that employers are aware of the discrimination issues that dress codes can create. Issues with work place dress codes In organisations with uniforms, the issues can be more wide ranging. For instance, at the Greater Manchester Police Force, bureaucracy and unwillingness to accept change has hampered the introduction of hijabs for Muslim women. At Inchcape Fleet Solutions where all 140 non-senior staffs are provided with polo shirts or blouses branded with the company logo the style of the uniform does not suit all staff and most do not like wearing it. This would affect their moods at work and consequently affect their performance. Complaints of discrimination Furthermore, a complaint was raised informally by the staff forum of child trust fund provider Family Investments and relates to the fact that women can wear trousers that are not full length, while men cannot. Employees have requested that the company allows shorts to be worn, as long as they are below the knee Also, in September 2006, a British Airways worker has been suspended and attended an appeal over wearing a cross at work at Heathrow Airport. She claims the suspension is discriminatory, especially since the airline allows Sikh employees to wear traditional iron bangles and Muslim workers to wear headscarves.BA has said it will review its uniform policy in light of the media storm the story has provoked. Employer branding and discrimination law There are three areas of discrimination relevant to dress code policy: 1. Sex Discrimination Act 1975 2. Religious or Belief Regulations 2003 3. Disability Discrimination Act 1995. Sex discrimination and dress codes There is the obvious potential for sex discrimination in any dress code, which sets different requirements for men and women. Past claims have challenged policies that: women must wear skirts men should not have long hair Men must wear a collar and tie. The case of Matthew Thompson who objected to the dress code imposed by the Department for Work Pensions at his place of work, a job centre in Stockport, can also be a good example. Mr Thompson claimed that the dress code discriminated against male employees as they were forced to wear a collar and tie whereas female employees could wear T-shirts to work. The Employment Tribunal found in favour of Mr Thompson stating that the dress code was discriminatory as the requirement to wear a collar and tie was gender based and there were no items of clothing that were imposed on women in the same office. From the Thompson case, it became clear that employers should be careful in the way that they draft their dress codes. Employers are not prevented from imposing dress codes that require employees to wear specified items of clothing as long as the code is drafted in such a way as to be even-handed between men and women. For example, jobs in the City, the current convention is for both men and women to wear suits. The convention is that a man should wear a tie with a suit but the same does not apply to a woman. A dress code requiring a smart suit could apply to both sexes but be enforced in a non-discriminatory manner appropriate for each sex. Religion/belief discrimination and dress codes A dress code that requires employees to act in a way contrary to their religious beliefs, risks being indirectly discriminatory. Thus, a dress code forbidding headgear will be discriminatory to male Sikhs, who must wear a turban. The best way to avoid these problems is to be as non-specific as possible. A widely worded dress code requiring smart appearance, with non-binding examples of suitable dress, cannot fall foul of specific clothing-related beliefs. To cross-check your dress code against the main religions clothing beliefs, refer to Acas Guide on Religion and Belief which has a useful chart at Appendix 2 (pages 40-50). It may be possible for employers to objectively justify a dress code contrary to any of these beliefs, if it can be done so objectively. For example, employees at a chocolate factory were successfully prohibited from having beards for health and safety reasons. However, employers should be very wary of relying on objective justification as the courts are reluc tant to accept it. There may be a question mark in some cases whether a persons views are beliefs. According to Acas, Rastafarianism (which requires the wearing of a hat) is a belief system. Certain political beliefs or powerful sentiments such as patriotism (the wearing of an American flag badge) may or may not be regarded as beliefs. Employers should respect beliefs that are strongly held whether or not they are religious in nature. Disability discrimination and dress codes Disabled employees may not be able to comply with a dress code, for example, an employee with a neck injury unable to wear a tie. However, by and large, this need not affect the way the code is drafted; instead, employers should be sensitive in the enforcement of the dress code. In summary, employers should be quite a bit flexible when writing a policy on employee dress or appearance. Reasonable flexibility and sensitivity to the employees racial differences should be allowed in the dress code to make employees comfortable and any conflict and law suits, while meeting the Trust standard of Dress code. This view is echoed by organisations such as Broker Network, which believes that employees should be able to make their own judgments on what is best to wear. Many companies are now turning their backs on the concept of dress-down Fridays, opting instead to ditch smart business-wear every day of the week. A survey of 560 organisations has found that four out of five employers believe a more relaxed dress code leads to greater productivity. Nine out of 10 organisations that replied to the poll by the Peninsula employment law consultancy had declared ties an unnecessary part of their dress code. Conclusion The issues discussed above create a challenge for HR professionals involved in employee focused branding projects, especially those where employees are expected to share a specific set of values. That is that such initiatives will undoubtedly create a tension and potentially conflict with principles underlying an equality and diversity agenda. Inds suggestion that inside-out branding allows freedom and order remains unconvincing even when the employees are involved in constructing the brand values. An organisation that dictates a set of values for employees to internalise is still a homogenising force. Organisations that genuinely take diversity programmes seriously will have to tackle this tension. One possible way out of this conundrum is to include equality and diversity awareness as a key value included in the internal brand proposition. Recommendations Any guidelines should be carefully drafted, and employers are advised to treat any requests to dress contrary to the company code for religious or racial reasons with respect. Employers should consult the employee in question and discuss how to accommodate reasonable requests, and try to find a favourable solution. A tribunal will be more likely to be sympathetic to the employer where a policy is required for health and safety purposes, rather than simply to maintain a corporate image. Decide what restrictions on employees appearance are necessary and why. For example, teachers are expected to wear sensible footwear, suitable for the activities their job involves. Restrictions should not be excessive or unreasonable, for instance insisting on suits or ties in the office when employees are not customer-facing. Set out the guidelines clearly, and include the rationale behind any restrictions. Explain why restrictions may be placed on some employees but not others (for example, no body piercing for those operating heavy machinery for health and safety purposes, and those working within a cafà © of a supermarket may have stricter codes enforced on them than those who work in the same store, but dont come into direct contact with food). Give employees notice of when the policy will come into force. Allow employees a grace period before disciplining for non-compliance. Explain what will happen if employees are found to be in persistent breach of the policy (disciplinary action and, potentially, dismissal). Give the name of an individual that employees can talk to if they feel they cannot comply with the policy. Current legislation on issues that could lead to discrimination should be reviewed from time to time, and staff handbook should be read by employment lawyers to ensure compliance. Guidelines should also be updated to accommodate the legislation. Base the policy on business-related reasons. Explain your reasons in the policy so employees understand the rationale behind the restrictions. Common business-related reasons include maintaining the organizations public image, promoting a productive work environment, or complying with health and safety standards. Require employees to have an appropriate, well-gro omed appearance. Even casual dress policies should specify what clothing is inappropriate (such as sweat suits, shorts, and jeans) and any special requirements for employees who deal with the public. Communicate the policy. Use employee handbooks or memos to alert employees to the new policy, any revisions, and the penalties for noncompliance. In addition, explain the policy to job candidates. Apply the dress code policy uniformly to all employees. This can prevent claims that the policy adversely affects women or minorities. However, you may have to make exceptions if required by law. (See next suggestion.) Make reasonable accommodation when the situation requires an exception. Be prepared to accommodate requests for religious practices and disabilities, such as head coverings and facial hair. Apply consistent discipline for dress code violations. When disciplining violators, point out why their attire does not comply with the code and what they can do to comply REFERENCES: Edwards, M. R. (2008) Employees as a Focus of Branding Activities: A Review of Recent Contributions to the Literature and the Implications for Workplace Diversity, Equal opportunities international. Vol 27(5) pp. 447-481 [online] Available from: www.emerald.com [Accessed 1 April 2009] Carrington, L (2007) EMPLOYER BRANDING [Online] Available from: http://globaltalentmetrics.com/articles/EB_2007_Brandempl.pdf [Accessed 26 March 2009] Wolff, C. (2007) EMPLOYERS USE DRESS CODES TO ENHANCE CORPORATE IMAGE, IRS. Issue 878. Available from: http://www.xperthr.co.uk [Accessed 26 March 2009] Downes, J. (2007) POLICY CLINIC: DRESS CODES, [online] Available from: http://0-www.xperthr.co.uk.lispac.lsbu.ac.uk/article/81919/policy-clinicdress-codes.aspx?searchwords=Policy+clinic%3a+Dress+codes [Accessed 26 March 2009] Millar, M (2006) EMPLOYERS RELAXING WORK DRESS CODE CAN HELP IMPROVE PRODUCTIVITY, [online] Available from: http://www.personneltoday.com/articles/2006/07/26/36558/employers-relaxing-work-dress-code-can-help-improve.html [Accessed 26 March 2009] Dr. Sullivan, J (2008) EMPLOYMENT BRANDING: THE ONLY LONG-TERM RECRUITING STRATEGY, [online] Available from: http://www.drjohnsullivan.com/content/view/183/27/ [Accessed 26 March 2009] Stephen Morrall, S Urquhart, C (2003) SEX DISCRIMINATION ARE DRESS CODES DISCRIMINATORY? [online] Available from: http://www.drjohnsullivan.com/content/view/183/27/ [Accessed 26 March 2009] Gronlund, J K (2008) HOW EMPLOYER BRANDINGCAN FOSTER TRUSTS AND LOYALTY? [Online] Available from: http://www.employerbrand.com/Points_pathf.html [Accessed 26 March 2009]

Expansion Of Arthurs Battle With The Giant :: essays research papers

Arthur turned his head in the direction the woman's gaze and there before him stood the giant that he had heard so much about during the past few days. It stood almost 20 feet off the ground and carried a club bigger than Arthur himself. The stench of rotting human corpses emanated from its disgusting body and insects of every sort imaginable crawled freely through its hair and under its skin. Arthur stood motionless, stunned for a moment by the unbelievable hideousness of the creature."How could a God who created the beauty of things such as the forests and mountains also be responsible for creating such filth?" thought Arthur. He then put his hand on his sword and grasped it tightly. Was this giant more than he could handle? Would his pride and honor lead him to his death? If Merlin was right, and God was not on his side, how could he expect to win this fight? Arthur's stomach began to churn as all these thoughts flew through his mind and he clenched Excalibur even tighter. The giant was carrying the bodies of twelve peasants on its back. The sight of the dead men and women the giant had so mercilessly killed enraged Arthur. This beast would pay dearly for its crimes if he had anything to do with it."May great God in heaven, who rules the world, give you a short life and shameful death! Surely you are the most foul fiend that was ever formed! Guard yourself, you dog, and prepare to die, for this day my hands will kill you!" exclaimed Arthur.The giant answered Arthur by raising its massive club and swinging it at him. Arthur could feel a gust of wind blow against him as the tree-sized club whipped through the air towards him. He raised his shield with his head covered in an attempt to block the giants blow. This was the worst part of fighting for Arthur, not being able to see what was happening, he would have to leave his fate up to God.The blow came quickly, completely jolting and stunning Arthur and shattering his shield into sawdust, but at least he was still alive. If God was to forsake him, today was not the day He did so. Arthur's strength and confidence grew after he survived the first blow for he believed God would protect him tonight.

Nature of Logic and Perception :: essays research papers

According to the American Heritage dictionary, the definition of Logic is â€Å"the study of the principles of reasoning, especially of the structure of propositions as distinguished from their content and of method and validity in deductive reasoning†. It also says that logic is â€Å"valid reasoning.† I believe that logic and critical thinking are closely related in that logic is used in the process of thinking critically. Perception, as stated in the American Heritage dictionary, is â€Å"the process, act, or faculty of perceiving†. Perceiving is to become aware through any of the senses. I think that a lot of my behavior or actions are driven by my feelings or attitudes. An example would be if I were feeling angry my action could be to yell at the person I was angry with. I think that my feelings or attitudes are driven by my beliefs. I come from a dysfunctional family, like most of us I guess (assumption), and my mother was the primary care giver in our home. I have seven brothers and sisters however I was raised with my two youngest sisters so I was the oldest in the house. My older brother is thirteen years older than me and my older sister is just one year old than me. Growing up, I had some a few good memories of my older brother, but I had no memories of my older sister. Actually I should say that I have no visual memories of my sister. My mother told me stories of my sister. The weird thing is that growing up, it seemed like she had this long relationship with here, but in reality it was only a little over a year. After I was born, my mother separated from her husband and lost custody of her daughter and never saw her again until recently when my youngest sister found her. Boy that was an Oprah story! Anyway, the reason I bring all this up is because my perceptions growing up regarding my mother’s life were full of pain.