Validity and Reliability of Selection Interviews

Validity and Reliability of Selection Interviews When Organisations are recruiting to find a suitable individual for a position they currently hold, it can be difficult to monitor and ensure that all possible steps are being taken to ensuring that each interview carries the same validity and reliability. This is to ensure that each individual who is being interviewed is given the same equal opportunity, alongside the organisation employing an individual who suits the job specification best. Validity and reliability of structured interviews can have a large impact on type of person that is employed and also affect the actual security that the person employed is the best suited from all the applicants. Selection interviews traditionally consist of a candidate interacting with one or more people from the organisation who have assessed the candidate as meeting the criteria which the role requires. The interviews generally last between 15 and 60 minutes and help the organisation decide whether or not an individual should be offered a job. In general, interviews follow one of three structures (Unstructured; Semi-Structured and Structured). The three vary by the amount of prior preparation for the interview in regards to questions to be asked and how the answers should be assed. Often the more specific answers required from an interview will be shown by the more structured approach an interviewer will take in preparation of the questions. Reliability of the interview is argued to often be low, in that interviewers do not follow the same methods of questioning or method of evaluating each individual interview. Additionally, it has been noted that interviewers support the end decisions on different criteras, different standards, and alter in the amount the final decision is based upon the original intended criteria (e.g., Graves, L.M. and Karren, R.J., 1996. The employmentselection interview: A fresh look at an old problem. Human Resource Management 35, pp. 163-180. Full Text via CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (14)Timothy A. Judge, 2000: 384]). It has also been found that job performance is a lot more reliable and foretelling from structured interviews opposed to unstructured interviews. Research reviews of employment interviewing have concluded that carrying out an interview following a set structure can add to the reliability and validity of interviewer evaluations (e.g., Therese Macan, 1999: 2 09). Natural instinct to cast a first impression on a person is a major factor in trying to ensure an interviewer casts an unbiased decision which follows the original selection criteria. During interviewing it is vital that each applicant is each given a fair and open opportunity and the end decision on whether or not they are offered the place within the organisation is based entirely on how they performed against the role criteria. Ensuring that Gender, Race, Disability and appearance do not hold any restrictions on each individual interview. A study was carried out which looked into how interviewers can cast a bias opinion based on appearance, finding that applicants which were moderately obese (in particular female applicants) were less likely to be considered for employment despite meeting the required criteria of a role including required qualifications (Timothy A. Judge, 2000: 384). Further from this negative information often appears to become more memorable for an interviewer than positive information. Research has outlined that it often requires upto twice as much positive information to change any negative information the interviewer may have initially cast of an individual. . As a result, the unstructured interview has been labelled a â€Å"search for negative evidence (Timothy A. Judge, 2000: 384). This simply highlights the importance of an interview to have the ability to focus on information passed during an interview to ensure that each applicant is assessed following the same criteria to avoid natural instinct having a major impact on each applicants interview. With interviews being generally an unnatural environment applicants generally spend time preparing for the interview, looking into the company history, preparing answers for generic answers that are usually asked for job roles of that criteria. This would inevitably lead to the answers given being unrealistic responses of how an applicant may act in a role within an organisation. This simply highlights the importance of interview containing questions which are going to show a realistic response to show an applicants approach and ethos towards their working life. During the interview this can be achieved by adding unstructured questions which will allow the interviewer to add and expand on answers given to try and get a more realistic and honest response which will further add to the value of the responses given from a candidate. This can also work well within a structured interview situation, as having an opening for several unprepared questions, can give a candidate further chance t o show their true capabilities. Taking into account unavoidable effects (e.g. Anxiety, signs of being Nervous and body language) of environments like Interviews, consideration needs to be taken by the interviewer to account for these. Often anxiety levels can be raised for an applicant during interviews which can an effect on the responses and conduct during the interview which may result in the applicant not showing their full capabilities. A selection of Undergraduates took part in a mock interview model with peers, which shows sustained levels of raised anxiety before and during the interview, followed by a significant decrease directly after. (Therese Macan, 1999: 209). During an interview it has to be taken into consideration that responses given can sometime be not a true reflection of a candidates natural response in any other situation, so allowing time and a chance to develop an answer is crucial to maintaining a high level of validity from the responses given. All of the elements within this essay which highlight possible affects on an interview fall part of what can be seen as a ‘halo effect. With judgements and stereotyping being cast too easily without looking at each interviewee directly on how well they are suited to the role criteria of which their hiring for. Training for any interviewer is crucial, as they need to learn the ways in which they might cast these judgements subconsciously; avoiding these spontaneous biases is one of the most crucial parts of carrying out interviews to ensure that the most suited candidate is chosen. By following more structured interviews situations like the halo effect can be more easily avoided. By offering each candidate the same set of questions and time for their interview then they each will have as open an opportunity as possible to give their best response. In more recent years, human response management specialists have become more involved within the interviewing process as they have to ensure all interviews are following the orangisations equal opportunities policy. Following these latest changes it has opened more opportunities for minority groups which previous may have been of more of a disadvantage to have a fair and equal opportunity when applying for any role, and how they are assess during the selection interview stage. Overall trying to maintain a high level of validity and reliability within an unnatural environment can be difficult and hard to maintain. It is crucial within any interview environment to try and place measures which can both account for these abnormalities and a way to take them into account. If they are not fully considered then an organisation may end up employing an individual for a role which they are not the best suited from all the candidates. One of the most important factors to avoid is an interviewers personal opinion on a candidate as shown from the research in this essay; they often can cast subliminal opinions on candidates because of personal opinion, anxiety and from misinterpreting responses during an interview. The employment of any individual for an organisiation is timely and costly exercise, ensuring all steps are taken to make the right decision on choosing a candidate is important. Make the wrong choice due to errors during the selection interview stage and a n egative impact may be felt by the organisiation afterwards.

Plato Essay example -- essays research papers

The great philosopher, Plato, wrote two specific dialogues; the book Timaeus and the book Critias. Plato was a professional teacher who valued intelligence immensely. Plato founded the first Philosophical Academy in Athens in the early fourth century BC. He devoted his life to philosophy and the teachings of his friend Socrates. Plato learned from Socrates and passed on his knowledge to his students. After his friend's sudden death, Plato became dissatisfied with the government in Athens. He filtered away from his family and lived his dream of researching and teaching philosophy. Plato focused on many philosophical aspects and wrote numerous dialogues. In the book Timaeus, Plato spoke of the beginning of the world and the creation of living creatures. Plato believed the human body and soul were created with precise, divine planning.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the book Timaeus, Plato described the Father of the universe as a very masterful being and a divine planner of the human body. Plato revealed that the Father told the other Gods to create mortal figures of them. Plato recalled the words of God, â€Å"There are three kinds of mortal creature yet uncreated, and unless they are created the world will be imperfect, as it will not have in it every kind of living creature which it must have if it is to be perfect† (57). The Father of the universe is very precise in the way the beings are created. He tells his Gods to use the mixture from the soul of the world to create the ...

Burden Of Proof

It is a proof that should be proved by the person who made allegations. The burden will be on a party to prove the allegations. So it is the responsibility of Plaintiff to establish the prima facie evidence on the allegations made. But the responsibility is limited to civil laws only. In case of criminal cases, the burden will be on the State. The complainant must produce the evidence for the allegations made by him/her. BURDEN OF PROOF IN THE BUSINESS Like in other, the business laws also require evidences when the allegations are made by plaintiff.If the business cases lead to civil nature the burden of proof lies on the complainant and whereas in the nature of criminal cases, the burden proof lies on the investigating authority or respective State. When the person not in a position to prove the allegation, the objection ceases to exist. Hence compliant become null and void. BURDEN OF PROOF IN CRIMINAL LAW When a crime has been committed, the criminal defines that investigating aut horities are responsible to arrest suspects, searching and investigating suspects, questioning of witnesses etc.Hence the burden of proof lies on the investigating authority but not on suspected person or victim. BURDEN OF PROOF IN LABOR LAWS Several labor laws exist that are based for workers protection i. e. Workers compensation, equal remuneration, minimum wages etc. All such laws must be complied by the employers. The burden of proof lies on the employers about compliance of labor laws. The creation of laws did not happen in a single day. Many centuries involved for the development of laws. When there was no law, the workers were paid the wages discriminating the men and women.Accordingly Equal Remuneration Act was established. Previously the wages were paid only and no compensations was paid for the persons who have met with illness or injury at work place. The workmen compensation Act established to provide the compensation to such workers. In such cases, when there is allegat ion, the employers having burden of proof that they have complied the laws. REFERENCES: 1. http://www. answers. com/topic/burden-of-proof 2. http://www. britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/84967/burden-of-proof 3. http://www. gotovertime. com/law. html

Which Country Has the Most Neighboring Countries

Which country in the world shares its border with the most countries? Technically, we have a tie because both China and Russia have the most  neighboring countries  with 14 neighbors each. This should not be surprising as Russia and China are the largest political nations in the world. They are also located in a part of Asia (and Europe) that has many small countries. Yet, these two are not alone in their numerous neighbors, as both Brazil and Germany share their borders with more than eight countries. China Has 14 Neighboring Countries China  is the third largest country in  terms of area (if we count Antarctica) and its lands dominate  the southeastern part of Asia. This location (next to many small countries) and the  13,954 miles (22,457 kilometers)  of border  brings it to the top of our list as having the most neighbors in the world. In total, China borders 14 other countries: On the northern border, China borders (west to east) Kazakhstan, Mongolia, and Russia.To the west, China shares boundaries with (north to south) Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, and Pakistan.The southern border of China is shared with (west to east) India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar (Burma), Laos, and Vietnam.On the eastern border, Chinas neighbor is North Korea (and, again, Russia). Russia Has 14 (Or 12) Neighboring Countries Russia  is the largest country in the world and it spans both the European and Asian continents. It is only natural that it shares borders with many countries. Despite its large area, Russias total boundary on land is just slightly smaller than China with a border of 13,923 miles (22,408 kilometers). Its important to remember that the country has a lot of coastline 23,582 miles (37,953 kilometers), particularly in the north. On the western side, Russia borders (north to south)  Norway,  Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Belarus, and Ukraine.To the south, Russia shares a border with (west to east)  Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China, and North Korea.If we include the Russian oblast (region) of Kaliningrad (200 miles west of  the main Russian border), then we can add Poland and Lithuania to the list and that brings the total to 14 neighbors. Brazil Has 10 Neighboring Countries Brazil  is the largest country in South America and it dominates the continent. With the exception of Ecuador and Chile, it borders every South American nation, bringing its total up to 10 neighbors. Of the top three countries listed here, Brazil  wins the prize for having the longest border area. In total, Brazil has a 10,032 mile (16,145 kilometers) border with other countries. Brazil shares its northern border with (west to east) Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana.Running down the western border of Brazil are the countries of (north to south) Colombia and Peru.On the southwestern side, Brazil borders (west to east) Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina, and Uruguay. Germany Has 9 Neighboring Countries Germany is one of the largest countries in Europe and many of its neighbors are among the continents smallest nations. It is also almost completely landlocked, so its 2,307 miles (3,714 kilometers) of border is shared with nine other countries. Germanys single neighbor to the north is Denmark.On the western border of Germany, you will find (north to south) Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, and France.To the south, Germany shares a border with (west to east) Switzerland and Austria.The eastern borders of Germany are shared with (north to south) Poland and the Czech Republic. Source The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency, United States of America. 2016.

Operation Overload or D-Day Essay - 950 Words

D-Day, also famously known as Operation Overlord, actually stands for Day-Day. It was termed Day-Day since the Allied forces at the time did not want exact date to be known or set for the purpose of maintaining it to be a surprise attack. D-Day was a well-planned Allied invasion to gain foothold in France and the event took place on June 6, 1944 in order to liberate France which was, at the time, fully an Axis-occupied area (Kemp 75). Undoubtedly and according to the Allied forces’ plan, it was an unexpected attack to the Germans, which increased the probability of success. Troops from several countries around the world worked together to carry out the D-Day mission, including United States, Canada, Britain, and France. (Turner 44) The†¦show more content†¦More specifically, Caraquet, as well as other ships, cleared paths to allow landing craft to reach the invasion beaches, according to the D-Day plan while allowing warships to bombard enemy defences. Overall, the R oyal Canadian Navy played a significant role in the Normandy landings by contributing vessels and sailors to the massive armada of 7000 Allied forces on the D-Day. Canadians showed adept skills and abilities on D-Day from what they had learned in their previous war experiences. Canada had only one experience in its national history of large-scale combat on land before the D-Day. The Canadian corps that fought on the Western Front in WWI left behind not only a formidable combat record but an intellectual legacy as well. Just as with the British army, the lessons of 1914-1918 and the techniques of 1918 set the framework within which Canadian professional soldiers thought about any future war. (Callahan 270) In addition, Canada and other Allied forces were able to successfully perform their battle tactics after experiencing a tremendous failure in the Battle of Dieppe. They attempted to make a successful raid on German-occupied Europe over water, and then to hold Dieppe briefly; however, it was a disaster. As a result, hundreds of Canadian soldiers were killed and thousands were wounded or taken as prisoners. Despite this devastating failure, the Dieppe raid had providedShow MoreRelatedThe Battle Of The Allied Powers During World War II1528 Words   |  7 PagesII, the idea of an amphibious landing was explored thoroughly and determined to be the only way to get a foothold into Hitler’s empire. The invasion was a bloody 3 day encounter on 5 beaches that resulted in an enormous exchange between Hitler and the Allies. Because of this, it gave a rise to the power to the Allies in Europe when D-day was victorious. From 1941-1944 the Allies goal was to defeat Germany first. 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The allies were interested in attacking Europe through the entry from various entries into the country. It is believed that the D-Day and Omaha beach was the hardest fought and significant victory for the Allies in the World War II. According to Ambrose, there were five beaches and the Omaha beach was the one that received the most devastating effectsRead MoreHydraulic Report Of Hydraulic Press1519 Words   |  7 Pagesonce issued a patent within the year 1795. As Bramah studied the present literature on the movement of fluid and place his experience into the progress of the presses. Hydraluic presses area unit the oldest of general machine instruments. In modern-day sort, is sweet tailored to presswork ranging from coiningg jewlry to formation plane components. fashionable hydraulic presses, area unit appropriate to be applied to the place the machine has been commonly a lot of modern. 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Banning The Advertising Of Tobacco Use - 906 Words

n this essay, I will discuss the positives and negatives related to countries banning the advertising of tobacco use, the complexities of the argument, finished with my own perspective. This is a highly argumentative debate that countries of the free world have argued for several decades. I’ll start by explaining the dangers of smoking tobacco. According to the Center of Disease Control (CDC) in the United States of America, tobacco use contributes cancers of and not limited to: mouth, esophagus, throat, and lungs. On February 6, 2001, India signed into law, a restriction that prevents tobacco manufacturers from advertising the sale of tobacco. According to a report found on the website icmrindia.org, it was described as a â€Å"bombshell† in India. This law is not uncommon globally. These types of laws have been a gradual occurrence for the past 30+ years. The United States of America was an early, freedom based, country to enact such a law. The law they created was signed into law on April 1, 1970. Countries that followed the United State’s lead, were France, Finland, and Norway. This is such a controversial topic, that it has found it’s arguments to their higher courts. ARGUMENTS IN FAVOR OF THE BAN ON TOBACCO IN INDIA It is believed that when countries ban the advertising of tobacco, consumption drops. It is also believed that it sets a standard, of health morality, for it’s citizens to live by. When it’s citizens stand behind a law that limitsShow MoreRelatedA Government And A Tobacco Company1003 Words   |  5 Pagesgovernment and a tobacco company feel that they are justified in banning or opposing tobacco advertising in India. The government of India serves the people. When a product is produced that affects the health of the people the government is justified to take action. 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The objective was to discourage adolescents from consuming tobacco products as well as empower the government with the power to launch an anti tobacco program. . This issue created a serious problem in that it was both ethical and commercial, the government on one hand, believe it was its responsibility to protect the welfare ofRead MoreBan Banning Should Not Be Banned981 Words   |  4 Pagesavoided, but also banned. In India specifically, a country that is renowned for its high use of tobacco production and use, the idea of smoking has become a national crisis. With tobacco companies trying to push for freedom of speech† with advertisements, and the government attempting to assume a sense of responsibility, it seems almost impossible to find a solution that can encompass all perspectives. 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Case Study of Janet Jackson-Free-Samples -Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Case Study of Janet Jackson. Answer: Introduction In the presented case study, Janet Jackson is diagnosed with uterine fibroids. Uterine fibroids are growths of the uterus which are noncancerous and are usually experienced during the childbearing years in the lifetime of a woman. A contraction of uterine fibroids increases the chances of being infected by cancer of the uterus. Uterine fibroids vary in size from as small as seedlings which are not noticeable by the naked eye to enormous masses which can lead to permanent distortion and enlargement of the uterus. The disease can expand the uterus to the extent of reaching the rib cage in extreme cases. In as much as the exact cause or causes of uterine fibroids have not been proved yet, scientific literature articles now contain information of significant size informative of the epidemiology, hormonal aspects, genetics and molecular biology that can give enough information regarding the causes.(Lee, 2012) These factors are divided into four categories namely: effectors, predisposing, initiators, and promoters. Risk factors involve those conditions that which have been generally identified through epidemiologic studies. Through such knowledge, the etiology of the tumors responsible for uterine leiomyomas as well as the preventive measures can be sought. The initiators of uterine leiomyomas are known which more consideration given to genetic aberrations. Despite the massive and in-depth investigations done, no clear information can be presented regarding the primary or secondary characteristics of the changes of these genes and their effect on promotion and/or initiation of uterine leiomyomas tumors. The ovarian hormones estrogen and progesterone are found to be playing a significantly greater role in the promotion of the growth of uterine leiomyomas tumors(McKay, 2012). This is a proof that has been developed through clinical and laboratory experiments. Risk factors associated with uterine leiomyomas Age: An increase in age is a promoter of uterine leiomyomas especially during the reproductive years of an individual. The increase is found, through studies, to be rapid among women when they are in the age bracket of the forties(David R. Gambling, 2013). This increase in prevalence can be associated with increased growth of already existing fibroids besides an increased willingness of women in the later reproductive years to undergo gynecologic surgery. Obesity: Studies that show a strong correlation between obesity and the prevalence of uterine leiomyomas. The correlation is such that for every 10-kg increase in the weight of an individual, there is an estimated 21% increase in the risk. This applied to the body mass index as well. An increase in the adult BMI corresponds to an increased uterine leiomyomas risk besides an associated risk of gain in weight. The correlation between uterine leiomyomas risk and obesity can be linked to the hormonal factors which are associated with obesity. Still, other pathologic factors can as well be involved in this course(Lee, 2012). The conversion of adrenal androgens to estrogen with the help of adipose tissue is a major hormonal activity that increases the risk factor for uterine leiomyomas(David R. Gambling, 2013). More unbound and physiologically active estrogen is produced as a result of the hepatic production of sex hormones. Menopause: The absence of stimulations of the hormones due to menopause increases the risks of uterine leiomyomas(Lombardi, 2012). Uterine leiomyomas among postmenopausal patients can be reduced through selection bias resulting from the tendency of a clinical approach that is more conservative as well as nonsurgical. Diet: An association has been found to exist between the consumption of ham and red meat among them beef and the risk of the prevalence of uterine leiomyomas. On the contrary, consumption of foods that are rich in green vegetable has a reverse effect and is found to reduce the risk. Beef and ham are foods rich in fats which in turn increase the bioavailability of progesterone and estrogen hormones(Goldman, 2015). Uterine leiomyomas known for being a tumor which is responsive to hormones will then be promoted to grow and multiply. Smoking: The correlation between smoking and uterine leiomyomas has been found to be inverse with current smokers found to be having a 50% risk reduction as compared to past smokers(Foundation, 2010). The more cigarettes individual smoke per day, the lower the risk of the attack by uterine leiomyomas. This correlated has been attributed to the effect of smoking which has been found to be anti-estrogenic. Still, there have been numerous derangements of steroid metabolism which have been noticed in smokers(Foundation, 2010). These metabolisms have been found to decrease the bioavailability at tissues that are targeted by estrogen. At the same time, inhibition of aromatase by nicotine reduces the rate of conversion of androgens to estrone. Other risk factors include menarche, parity, exercise, and use of oral contraceptives etc. therefore, taking a back reflection of the case of Janet Jackson, numerous factors can be alluded to the cause of her uterine fibroids condition such as smoking and age(Tulandi, 2013). She is at her childbearing years hence the high risk of infection by uterine fibroids. A surgical operation is the most recommended treatment for uterine fibroids. It is important to consider the size of the growth before the operation is carried out to ascertain the extent of destruction and expansion the disease has done to the uterus(Goldman, 2015). The treatment aims at reducing or completely relieving the patient of the pain she is experiencing. In this case study, Janet undergoes a surgical operation so as to remove the growth in her uterus that is causing her a lot of pain. The most appropriate nursing management for postoperative hysterectomy is that which aims at reducing the pain would be undergoing through(Stoelting, 2014). Being a surgical operation, the process must be accompanied by pain that requires proper care and maintenance to help the patient gain her self-worth even after undergoing the process. A surgical intervention is the best option in handling the case of Janet as in will minimize pain as well as increasing the quality of her life. Upon completion of the surgical operation process, Janet is transferred to post anesthetic recovery unit in which she undergoes close monitoring before she is further transferred to the general ward. While in the PARU, anesthetist informs the nurse of the general conditions of the patient, the type of anesthesia used for the operation and the operation type performed. The anesthetist also informs the nurse of any complications experienced during the operation process. In the comparison of Janet's baseline observation regarding the given case with the observations taken before the surgical operation, her blood pressure when she was transferred to the PARU was 90/50 mmHg which is a considerably low since the normal adult systolic blood pressure should range between 100-120 mmHg with the diastolic pressure ranging 60-80 mm Hg. She does not experience any pain and a normal body temperature. She experiences a high pulse rate of 130 bpm above the normal rate which ranges from 60-100 beats a minute. This may be attributed to anxiety and depression. The lowered blood pressure of Janet can be attributed to the use of a general anesthesia during the operation of Janet which caused a diminution of her sympathetic nervous system culminating into considerable levels of blood loss. Janet Jackson was also found to be having a respiratory rate higher than that of a normal adult. Her respiratory rate was 30 rpm which is way above the normal range which is 12-20 rpm(McKay, 2012). A high respiratory rate shows respiratory depression which is one of the side effects of uterine fibroids. The PARU nurse is tasked with the role of conducting a detailed assessment of the airway of the patient, the heart rate, temperature among other conditions of the body. The nurse does this by assessing the health conditions of the patient at intervals of 15 minutes. The nurse should conduct a cardiovascular assessment so as to monitor the heart rate and blood pressure. Monitoring of the blood pressure levels and the heart rates is important for the case of Janet since the hysterectomy operation led to side effects such as depression(Glaser, 2013). It would also be important to monitor peripheral circulation in case the extent of the uterine fibroids attack was extreme and reached the rib cage. This would have effects on level and degree of mobility. The nurse should also be continuously conducting the orientation to the patient on strategies on how to reduce depression and anxiety levels. Plans of discharge usually begin as soon as the patient conditions begin to stabilize. During discharge, the family and the patient may be stressed over fears of the patient not being able to get back to normal. Upon the patient gaining stability, the family may be informed on any surgical and medical appointments(Tulandi, 2013). They will also be educated on how to take care of the patient in a way that helps in improving the quality of her life(David R. Gambling, 2013). In order to manage the pain, the patient can be put on the most appropriate analgesia depending on the level of pain. From the given case, Janet did not report any pain from the hospital hence did not necessarily need any pain relieving drugs. Instead, she only needed advice and education on how to manage and care for her wound, any symptoms, and signs that she may need to report to the hospital. An assessment should as well be conducted by a multidisciplinary team consisting of occupational therapists, social worke rs, and continence nurses. Occupational therapists team: This is a team of experts that would assist the patient with movement. Janet having undergone surgical operation may develop problems and challenges with moving from one place to another(Page, 2016). Occupational therapists would assist Jane with improving her ability with doing tasks that would be associated with her daily life. Such assistance will help the patient improve her skills and movement when doing such activities as cooking, dressing, and bathing. Social workers team: Diseases and disease conditions usually come with challenges that may not only affect the patient but also the family(Miller, 2009). Social workers are known for conducting the psychological functioning of the patients and then establish important interventions that would help the patient adjust to the challenges and conditions that she could be facing. Conclusion The complicated nature of medicine makes the treatment of the diseases of patients as just one of the ways of caring for patients. At times it may require a team of professionals who are working in collaboration in order to fully address the needs of a patient. Such needs include emotional issues, pain management, rehabilitation as well as treatment. The field of medicine encompasses adverse healthcare specialists and professionals with each professional having a different and distinguished role to play. An understanding of the role of each of the medical practitioners is important in ensuring proper coordination and appropriate service delivery to patients. References David R. Gambling. (2013). Obstetric Anesthesia and Uncommon Disorders. 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